At the heart of the Eucharistic celebration are bread and wine, which, through the words of Christ and the invocation of the Holy Spirit, become his Body and Blood. As we gather in faith, we remember the Last Supper, Christ’s death and Resurrection, and the new Passover fulfilled in him. In the Offertory, the Church gives thanks to the Creator for the gifts of bread and wine, fruits of the earth, the vine, and human hands. The Eucharist is a pledge of Christ’s love, given so that he may never depart from his own and may make them sharers in his Passover. Though this mystery can be difficult and even a stumbling block, the Lord lovingly invites us to receive in faith the gift of his Eucharist—and so to receive the Lord himself.
In the Catechism, we learn that Jesus’ command to repeat his actions and words is not only a call to remember him, but a directive to celebrate liturgically the memorial of his life, death, Resurrection, and intercession before the Father. From the Church’s earliest days, Christians have gathered on Sunday, the day of Jesus’ Resurrection, to break bread. This celebration has continued throughout the Church’s history and remains the center of the Church’s life, proclaiming the Paschal mystery until he comes. The Eucharistic liturgy has a fundamental structure: the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist, which together form one single act of worship. As the pilgrim People of God celebrates from gathering to gathering, we continue along the way of the cross toward the heavenly banquet in the kingdom.
The Catechism teaches that the Church celebrates the one Paschal mystery of Christ in every place, from the first community in Jerusalem until Christ’s return. Although this mystery is one, its liturgical celebration takes diverse forms. These traditions developed as the Church carried out her mission among different peoples and cultures, expressing the same faith through distinctive symbols, forms of communion, theological understanding, and ways of holiness. In the communion of the same faith and sacraments, the Churches can enrich one another and grow in fidelity to Tradition and the Church’s common mission. The Church recognizes the Latin, Byzantine, Alexandrian or Coptic, Syriac, Armenian, Maronite, and Chaldean rites, holding all lawfully recognized rites to be of equal right and dignity and seeking to preserve and foster them.